What is a Smart-Grid?

"Smart-grids" deliver electricity from suppliers to consumers using digital technology to save energy, reduce costs and increase reliability. Many global governments are promoting such a modernized electricity network as a means of increasing energy independence and reducing global warming issues.

An electricity grid is not a single entity but an aggregate of multiple networks and multiple power generation companies with multiple operators employing varying levels of communication and coordination, most of which are manually controlled.

Smart grids increase the connectivity, automation and coordination between suppliers, consumers and networks, which perform either long distance transmission or local distribution tasks. Transmission networks move electricity in bulk over medium-to-long distances, are actively managed, and generally operate from 400kV to 800kV over AC and DC lines.

Local networks traditionally moved power in one direction, "distributing" the bulk power to consumers and businesses via lines operating at 132kV and lower. This paradigm is changing as businesses and homes begin generating more wind and solar electricity, enabling them to sell surplus energy back to their utilities.

Efficiency Through Technology

Modernization is necessary for energy consumption efficiency; real-time management of power flows; and to provide the bi-directional metering needed to compensate local producers of power. Although transmission networks are already controlled in real-time, many in the US and European countries are antiquated by world standards, and unable to handle modern challenges such as those posed by the intermittent nature of alternative electricity generation, or continental scale bulk energy transmission.

According to Deloitte, in 2009, smart grid providers may represent one of the largest and fastest growing sectors within the "clean," green energy industry.