I’m not talking about the deals
that got done; I’m talking about the deals that didn’t get done because private
equity firms walked away or otherwise tried to dissolve pending deals.
Apollo Management asked a Delaware Court of Chancery to kill a transaction it
had entered into to have one of its portfolio companies, Hexion Specialty Chemicals
Inc., buy NYSE listed Huntsman Corp.(HUN) for $6.5 billion.
Huntsman sued and won. The judge issued a ruling that Hexion “knowingly and
intentionally” breached parts of the merger agreement and ordered the company to
complete the deal. Not only is Apollo being forced to go through with the deal,
the ruling allows Huntsman to seek damages from Apollo. Apollo is now suing the
banks it had lined up to provide debt financing for the deal.
There are hundreds of billions of dollars of abandoned deals that may now be
re-visited in courts around the country. The implication for private equity
firms and banks is potentially staggering.
Here are a few of the larger failed deals that resulted from a lack of debt
investor interest:
- Cerberus’ failed deal for United Rentals Inc. (URI).
- The Blackstone Group LP’s (BX) failed deal for
Alliance Data Systems Corp. (ADS).
- J.C. Flowers’ failed deal for SLM Corp. (SLM), also known as
Sallie Mae.
- And Appaloosa Management in conjunction with Harbinger Capital Partners,
Merrill Lynch & Co. Inc. (MER), Goldman Sachs Group
Inc. (GS),
and UBS Securities LLC’s failed financing of Delphi Corp. (OTC: DPHIQ) to take it out
of bankruptcy, for which they are being sued for fraud and conspiracy to
“derail” the bankruptcy plan; a serious situation because interfering with a
bankruptcy is a federal crime.
The amount of leverage involved in private equity deals is a problem if banks
aren’t eager, or able, to supply needed loans. But that alone isn’t scary. What
is scary is the effort private equity firms are making to actually get into the
banking business themselves.
Act III: Private Equity Seeks to Corrupt Banking System
There’s a lot of pressure on banks to raise capital and there’s a lot of
pressure being exerted by the private equity guys to lean on the Fed and U.S.
Treasury to bend the rules to let them play in that sandbox. Pushing hard from
the private equity camp are Randall Quarles, Managing Director of Carlyle
Group Ltd. and a former senior Treasury official and none other than the
former Treasury Secretary himself, Chairman of Cerberus Capital Management, John
Snow.
What the private equity guys want is the ability to buy into banks and
control them. If they get their hands on the low cost deposit-based capital at
commercial banks, they’ll be unstoppable. How about having the piggy-bank,
backed by taxpayers to leverage at will?
The prospect is frightening.
Right now there’s a limitation imposed on investors in Federal Deposit
Insurance Company insured commercial banks. Once an investment exceeds 9.9%
there must be an agreement with regulators to not “control or influence”
management. If an investment exceeds 24.9% the investing entity must register as
a Bank Holding Company, and subject itself to all necessary transparencies
called for by regulators and the Fed. In addition, the holding company is forced
to serve as a “source of strength”, meaning its capital will be called upon to
support its bank.
Private equity guys do not want any part of either of those restrictions.
They don’t want their business looked through nor do they want their capital
encumbered. The private equity firms are sitting on hundreds of billions of
dollars of fresh money raised recently. While it may seem reasonable and
expedient to allow private equity capital to be infused into ailing banks, any
compromise of existing regulations would result in the creation of the mother of
all moral hazard enablers.
There’s no doubt that if the recession is as deep and as long as feared,, the
continuing failure and bankruptcy of leveraged private equity portfolio
companies will result in far greater unemployment, and in and of itself, has the
potential to deepen the recession on an inordinate scale.
There’s too much greed and far too much power in the form of private equity
firms. Their greed has encumbered American banks with significant CLO and
leveraged loan exposure and encumbered American companies with too much debt.
Now, they threaten to undermine sound banking (wait a minute, that’s already
been done by the banks themselves) by investing capital into them in order to
control them.
Until concrete underpinnings replace the glue and duct tape that’s holding
together the banking system, and until leverage is wrung out of companies,
investment vehicles and households, banks and private equity firms will both be
on a slippery slope.