With oil demand not expected to reach 2008 levels for another three years at least, the fact that oil prices are climbing more rapidly than they did in last year – when demand was high, supplies were tight, and the U.S. dollar was trading at significantly lower levels than it is today – is a red flag for many analysts.

"There may be enough momentum to carry us up to just $72.50 [a barrel], but then I think the correction is going to be just that dramatic," Guy Gleichmann, president of the United Strategic Investors Group, told The Wall Street Journal.

Additionally, a continued rise in oil prices could threaten the economic recovery by raising production costs and hurting consumers at the pumps.

Oil prices between $30 and $40 per barrel were like an "additional stimulus package," Fatih Birol, the IEA’s chief economist, said last month. "But now this stimulus package is losing its strength and it will be definitely a problem for the global economy if prices continue to rise."

Prices at above $70 a barrel "may well strangle the economic recovery," Birol said.

If that’s true, oil prices, should they continue to rise, would only be setting themselves up for a bigger tumble when the economy slips back into recession later in the year.

Still Bullish Long-Term

While the short-term outlook for oil remains murky, if not bearish, the long-term outlook for crude is still strong, thanks to the weakness of the U.S. dollar and the probability that demand will eventually return.

In fact, the IEA estimates that oil demand will strengthen in India and Saudi Arabia this year, despite a 3% decline in global consumption.

And China, which has been using low commodities prices to stock up on resources, plans to increase strategic crude oil reserves by 160% to 270 million barrels during the next five years. Citing an unidentified official from China’s National Energy Administration, Nikkei English News said that Beijing would spend $4.39 billion (30 billion yuan) on stockpiling facilities with a capacity to hold 169 million barrels of crude oil.

"The wild card is really the Chinese," said Money Morning Investment Director Keith Fitz-Gerald. "Don’t forget the Chinese are trying to diversify away from the dollar, and there are only two ‘non-currency currencies’ on the planet: gold and oil."

And with the expansive monetary policy being employed by the U.S. Federal Reserve, the value of the dollar seems destined to retest the lows it reached in 2008.

The U.S. Federal Reserve has cut its benchmark lending rate to a range of 0.0% to 0.25%, and the central bank plans to purchase up to $300 billion in long-term U.S. Treasury securities and $750 billion of mortgage-backed securities as it pursues a policy of quantitative easing.

"Our forecast has been that oil will be at $100 in 2015 and it could happen faster if the economy recovers," Deutsche Bank’s Sieminski told CNN.

Goldman Sachs Group Inc. (NYSE: GS) raised its 2009 oil price forecast to $85 a barrel from $65 and said prices would reach $95 a barrel in 2010. Other analysts agree.

J.P. Morgan Chase & Co. (NYSE: JPM) lifted its forecast for the average price of oil in 2009 to $55.63 a barrel from $49.38, though the investment bank noted "global demand and inventory levels look horrendous."

"We’re concerned about oil prices rising so rapidly in the near-term," Hussein Allidina, head of commodities research at Morgan Stanley, told CNN. "But the bet in the long-term is one way, and that’s just up."

(By Jason Simpkins)

[Editor's Note: This oil preview is the latest installment of a new Money Morning series that will make economic projections for key U.S. sectors for the last half of 2009. As part of that series, look for forecasts for housing, energy, U.S. stocks and the emerging markets.]