NEW YORK - The earnings reports from Wells Fargo & Co., Morgan Stanley and a handful of regional banks show there's a formula for prospering in a weak economy: a strong retail or investment banking operation and plenty of money on hand.

Loan losses are rising across the industry as consumers and businesses still struggle to pay their debts, but banks that can rely on a stream of income from their customers have been able to mitigate the damage. So have the companies that do investment banking.

Wells Fargo and US Bancorp, a regional based in Minneapolis, both said Wednesday the money they made by making loans and managing customer accounts offset higher losses on failed loans and drove their profits higher. Hudson City Bancorp Inc., a regional based in New Jersey, also said Wednesday its profit grew thanks to growth in its retail banking operations. And M&T Bank Corp., based in Buffalo, said late Tuesday it had a similar performance.

Morgan Stanley, whose business is investment rather than retail banking, joined big banks like JPMorgan Chase & Co. that said last week they were able to insulate themselves from higher loan losses with robust trading activity.

But there are also the have-nots. KeyCorp, which also reported results Wednesday, said its loss widened in the third quarter as earnings were overwhelmed by the money it set aside to cover possible failed loans. Earlier this week, Zions Bancorp reported a loss that was wider than expected, also because of soured loans.

Wells Fargo, based in San Francisco, said it earned $2.64 billion, or 56 cents per share, beating analysts' forecasts for 37 cents a share. The company said its credit losses climbed to $5.1 billion from $2 billion a year ago and $4.4 billion in the second quarter. But it also reported that net interest income, or what the bank makes on loans and other assets, rose 43 percent to $5.57 billion after setting aside $6.1 billion to cover credit losses.

And noninterest income, the money a bank earns on fees and other charges, more than tripled from a year ago to $10.78 billion as Wells Fargo reported strong mortgage banking activity.

Wells Fargo, US Bancorp and Hudson City have seen their mortgage banking revenue jump as homeowners scramble to refinance during a time when interest rates are low. That has helped offset weak demand for other types of loans.

Morgan Stanley, meanwhile, returned to profitability for the first time in a year as income from its investment banking operations offset losses in commercial real estate.